学术英文写作的词汇和句式小结
1. 引言
学术写作,关键还是在实践中学习。
学术写作的要点在于“语言层面”,即为多读(阅读文献)、多积累、多写,补上一个“多修改”。
此文将作为,阅读专业文献时,积累词汇、句式的文章。
本文列出学术英文写作的常用词汇,供写作的过程中使用。
2. 图、表
- show, present, illustrate,
- summarize, demonstrate, contain,
- provide, list, report,
- give, reveal, display,
- indicate, suggest, describe
3. 文献观点
- state, claim, argue,
- maintain, suggest, assert,
- hypothesize, conclude, describe,
- develop, propose, find,
- show, report, use,
- study, demonstrate, note,
- discuss, observe, explain,
- expand, publish, give,
- examine, analyze, focus,
- presume, speculate, assume,
- support, theorize, contend, recommend
- Based on, In the view of, According to
4. 常用的拉丁文缩写
- cf. = compare
- e.g. = for example
- et al. = and other authorsetc. = and others
- errata = list of typographical mistakes
- ibid. = the same as the previous referencei.e. = that is to sayinfra = see below
- loc. cit. = in the place cited
- N.B. = take note
- op. cit. = in the work cited
- sic = the error is in the original quotesupra = see aboveviz. = namely
5. 原因
- be due to; be attibuted to; be accounted for;
- be a consequence of; stem from
6. 定义
- be named; be called; be denoted by;
- be known as; be defined as; be referred to
7. 相似
- Similarly, …; Likewise, …
- In the same fashion, …; As in X, in Y …; Like X, Y …
- The same …; X is similar/comparable to Y
- X resemble Y; X correspond to Y
8. 比较
- In contrast; Unlike X, Y; In contrast to
- On the other hand, ……; however, ……; but …
- Whereas/While …, ……; whereas/while …; X differ from Y
- X is different from Y; X contrast with
9. 总结
- Overall, In general, On the whole,
- In the main, With … exception(s), The overall results indicate,
- The results indicate, overall
10. Reference
- Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (1994). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills: A Course for Nonnative Speakers of English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.