Introduction of macOS's man
0. 引言
macOS’s man
(i.e., manual
) is based on FreeBSD, which is divided into 9 sections:
- General user commands
- System calls and error numbers
- C programming libraries
- Devices and device drivers
- File formats
- Game instructions
- Miscellaneous information
- System maintenance commands
- Kernel interfaces
1. General user commands
Command: man 1 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to general commands (tools and utilities)
DESCRIPTION
Section one of the manual contains most of the commands which comprise the BSD user
environment. Some of the commands included in section one are text editors, command
shell interpreters, searching and sorting tools, file manipulation commands system
status commands, remote file copy commands, mail commands, compilers and compiler
tools, formatted output tools, and line printer commands.
All commands set a status value upon exit which may be tested to see if the command
completed normally. The exit values and their meanings are explained in the
individual manuals. Traditionally, the value 0 signifies successful completion of
the command.
SEE ALSO
man(1), intro(2), intro(4), intro(8),
Tutorials in the UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents.
HISTORY
A intro manual appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
macOS 13.5
December 30, 1993
2. System calls and error numbers
Command: man 2 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to system calls and error numbers
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/errno.h>
DESCRIPTION
This section provides an overview of the system calls, their error returns, and other
common definitions and concepts.
HISTORY
An intro manual page appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
BSD 4
March 18, 2015
3. C programming libraries
Command: man 3 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to the C libraries
DESCRIPTION
This section provides an overview of the C library functions, their error returns and
other common definitions and concepts. Most of these functions are available from
the System library, libSystem. Other libraries must be indicated at compile time
with the -l option of the compiler.
HISTORY
An intro manual appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
macOS 13.5
August 17, 2006
4. Devices and device drivers
Command: man 4 intro
Display: No manual entry for intro
5. File formats
Command: man 5 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to file formats
DESCRIPTION
This section contains information about file formats.
HISTORY
The intro section manual page appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.
macOS 13.5
February 16, 1997
6. Game instructions
Command: man 6 intro
Display: No manual entry for intro
7. Miscellaneous information
Command: man 7 intro
NAME
intro – miscellaneous information pages
DESCRIPTION
This section contains miscellaneous documentation.
HISTORY
The intro section manual page appeared in 4.2BSD.
macOS 13.5
June 5, 1993
8. System maintenance commands
Command: man 8 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to system maintenance procedures and commands
DESCRIPTION
This section contains information related to system operation and maintenance.
It describes commands used to create new file systems (newfs(8)), verify the
integrity of the file systems (fsck(8)), control disk usage (edquota(8)), maintain
system backups (dump(8)), and recover files when disks die an untimely death
(restore(8)). Network related services like ftpd(8) are also described.
All commands set an exit status. Its value may be tested to see if the command
completed normally. Unless otherwise noted (rare), the value 0 signifies successful
completion of the command, while a value >0 indicates an error. Some commands
attempt to describe the nature of the failure by using error codes defined in
sysexits(3), or set the status to arbitrary values >0 (typically 1), but many such
values are not described in the manual.
HISTORY
The intro section manual page appeared in 4.2BSD.
macOS 13.5
October 22, 2006
9. Kernel interfaces
Command: man 9 intro
NAME
intro – introduction to system kernel interfaces
DESCRIPTION
This section contains information about the interfaces and subroutines in the kernel.
HISTORY
The intro section manual page appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.
macOS 13.5
December 13, 1995